Irritable bowel syndrome

Abdominal pain, bloating, bouts of diarrhea, then constipation – and yet, tests show nothing abnormal. For many people, the path to a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) begins in this or a similar way.

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is not dangerous, but it can severely limit everyday life. This article explains what is behind these complaints, how a diagnosis is made, and what general measures can be beneficial in daily life.

What is irritable bowel syndrome?

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the so-called functional bowel disorders. This means: the gut’s function is impaired, without any inflammation, tumor, or other organic cause being found during examinations.

Today, experts also speak of a disorder of the gut-brain axis – that is, the communication between the nervous system and the digestive tract. Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common reasons for a doctor's visit due to digestive complaints.

Typical symptoms

The complaints vary greatly from person to person – in type, severity, and timing. Common symptoms include:

Depending on the predominant stool pattern, specialists distinguish between several types:

Possible causes

There is no single cause. Research assumes that several factors work together:

• altered bowel movements (motility)
• increased sensitivity of the gut nerves
• changes in the composition of gut bacteria
• a previous gastrointestinal infection
• stress and psychological strain
• certain foods or eating habits

How these factors are connected in detail is not yet fully understood. However, the complaints can still be very distressing – even if examinations show no organic cause.

How is the diagnosis made?

When irritable bowel syndrome is suspected, the symptoms are evaluated by a doctor and other possible causes are considered. These may include, for example, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, celiac disease, infections, or intolerances such as lactose or fructose malabsorption.

Depending on the situation, clarification may include:

• a detailed conversation about symptoms and habits
• a physical examination
• blood and stool tests
• if necessary, further examinations such as an ultrasound or colonoscopy

The international Rome IV criteria, among others, serve as a guide for the diagnosis. These criteria consider recurrent abdominal pain in conjunction with changes in bowel habits, specifically the frequency or consistency of stools.

What can help in everyday life

There is no "magic bullet." However, many affected people eventually find out which foods and habits they tolerate well. The following approaches can provide a general guide – for pronounced or persistent complaints, it is best to consult a doctor or a nutrition professional.

Observe diet

A food and symptom diary can help to identify potential personal triggers. For example, you can note meals, symptoms, and other factors of the day.

The FODMAP method

FODMAP stands for certain fermentable carbohydrates. They occur, among other things, in onions, garlic, legumes, wheat, certain fruits, and dairy products.

In a low-FODMAP diet, such foods are initially reduced for a limited time. Subsequently, individual food groups are gradually reintroduced to assess individual tolerance. Since the range of foods can be significantly restricted, the method should ideally be accompanied by a qualified nutrition professional.

Choose fiber individually

Tolerance to dietary fiber can also vary individually. Soluble fiber is found, for example, in oats and psyllium husks. When increasing fiber intake, it is advisable to proceed gradually and drink sufficient fluids.

Small habits for everyday life Stress and the gut-brain axis

The gut and the nervous system are connected. Stress and psychological strain can therefore, in some people, be associated with changes in digestive complaints. Relaxation techniques, breathing exercises, and other strategies for managing stress can be supplementary components of an individual approach to managing symptoms.

Conclusion

Irritable bowel syndrome can significantly impair everyday life and quality of life. Since similar symptoms can have different causes, a thorough medical evaluation is important.

Diet, exercise, relaxation, and observing personal triggers can help to align your everyday life more consciously with your individual tolerance.

Frequently asked questions about IBS

Is irritable bowel syndrome dangerous?

According to current knowledge, irritable bowel syndrome does not cause structural damage to the gut. However, the symptoms can significantly impair quality of life. Since similar symptoms can also have other causes, persistent symptoms should be clarified by a doctor.

How do I know if I have irritable bowel syndrome?

Recurrent abdominal pain in conjunction with changes in bowel habits can be consistent with irritable bowel syndrome. Such complaints can, however, have different causes. Therefore, the diagnosis should be made by a doctor.

What is the FODMAP diet?

The low-FODMAP diet is a time-limited nutritional concept in which specific fermentable carbohydrates are initially reduced and then reintroduced step-by-step. The goal is to assess individual tolerance to various foods. Professional guidance is recommended.

Can stress influence IBS symptoms?

Stress is not considered the sole cause of irritable bowel syndrome. However, through the gut-brain axis, stress and psychological strain can be related to changes in digestive complaints.

When should I see a doctor?

Newly appearing, persistent, or pronounced digestive complaints should be clarified by a doctor. This applies in particular to warning signs such as blood in the stool, unintentional weight loss, fever, or nocturnal symptoms.

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Note: This article is for general information purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Please consult your doctor for any health concerns. The content does not refer to HAWLIK products.